![]() Neolithic habitation, burial, and ritual sites are particularly common and well preserved in the Northern Isles and Western Isles, where a lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period. : 9 These settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. At the time, Scotland was covered in forests, had more bog-land, and the main form of transport was by water. ![]() It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the ice sheet retreated after the last glaciation. Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land mass of modern Scotland, destroyed any traces of human habitation that may have existed before the Mesolithic period. įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of prehistoric Scotland. Inter-ministerial Standing Committee Council, represented by relevant cabinet secretaries and ministers in areas relating to education, finance and economy, environment and trade and investment. It is also a member of the British–Irish Council, sending five members of the Scottish Parliament to the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly, as well as being part of the Heads of Government Council, represented by the first minister, and the Scotland is represented in the United Kingdom Parliament by 59 members of parliament (MPs). The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister, who is supported by the deputy first minister. In 1999, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. The continued existence of legal, educational, religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 incorporating union with England. The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland. ![]() In 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain entered into a political union with the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (in 1922, the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being officially renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927). The union also created the Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. By inheritance in 1603, James VI of Scotland became king of England and Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. The Kingdom of Scotland emerged in the 9th century, from the merging of the Gaelic Kingdom of Dál Riata and the Kingdom of the Picts, and continued to exist as an independent sovereign state until 1707. Scotland is the second-largest country in the United Kingdom, and accounted for 8.3% of the population in 2012. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scottish Government to each subdivision. Glasgow City is the largest council area in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Scotland is divided into 32 administrative subdivisions or local authorities, known as council areas. Most of the population, including the capital Edinburgh, is concentrated in the Central Belt-the plain between the Scottish Highlands and the Southern Uplands-in the Scottish Lowlands. It also contains more than 790 islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a 96-mile (154-kilometre) border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the northeast and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. Scotland ( Scots: Scotland, Scottish Gaelic: Alba ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. scot is not a ccTLD, but a GeoTLD, open to use by all with a connection to Scotland or Scottish culture.uk as part of the United Kingdom is also used.
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